gLdr pfrtI sQfpnf sLqfbdI-2013: sfQoN kuwJ afs krdI hY
vgdy diraf vrgI gLdr lihr

- amolk isMG
 

gLdr pfrtI sQfpnf sLqfbdI-2013 nyVy Zuk rhI hY. mulk dI afjLfdI leI sO vrHy pihlF amrIkf dI DrqI ‘qy ‘ihMdI aYsosIeysLn afP pYsyiPk kost’ nFa dI jQybMdI bxI. ies jQybMdI ny 1 nvMbr 1913 nUM ‘gLdr’ aKLbfr jfrI kIqf. vwK-vwK BfsLfvF ‘c Cpdf, vwK-vwK mulkF qwk hjLfrF dI igxqI ‘c lokF qwk phuMcdf ieh aKLbfr aYnf mkbUl hoieaf ik ieh jQybMdI ‘gLdr pfrtI’ dy nFa nfl hI jfxI jfx lwgI. ies aKLbfr dI hrmn ipafrqf kfrn hI pfrtI dy snPrFissko (amrIkf) siQq hYWz kuaftr ‘XugFqr afsLrm’ df nFa vI ‘gLdr afsLrm’ dy nFa nfl hI pRiswD hoieaf.
vrHf BfvyN sO bIq cwilaY pr gLdr pfrtI df amuwlf ieiqhfs, rfjnIqI aqy sfihq sfzy simaF leI hor vI pRsMgk aqy BivwK-muKI hY. sQfpnf sLqfbdI dy ies dOr aMdr gLdr pfrtI dy anykF pwKF AuWpr hor vI gihrfeI aqy ivsQfr nfl ivcfr-crcf awgy qurygI. agly pMj virHaF dI gLdr pfrtI sQfpnf sLqfbdI muuihMm aqy ies muihMm df isKr 2013 qwk gLdr lihr dy bhu-pwKF qoN XfdgfrI bxy ies leI ivsLysL AuWdm jutfAux leI isr joVn dI loV hY.
BivwK df icMnH: amIr ivrsf
mhfn afdrsLF nUM pRxfeI aqy aQfh kurbfnIaF BrI bIr-gfQf, gLdr lihr dI sQfpnf sLqfbdI mihjL rsm pUrqI bx ky nf rhy. ieh isrPL ieiqhfsk siPLaF qoN vfkP lokF qwk hI sImq crcf df ivsLf bxky nf rhy. iek nvMbr 2013 df idhfVf ieiqhfsk purb dy qOr ‘qy lokF dy ienklfbI jsLnf df iqEhfr bx jfey. ies muihMm nUM gLdr pfrtI dy afdrsLF df rMg cVHy aqy gUhVf huMdf jfvy. gLdr lihr aqy sLqfbdI muihMm df lokF nfl mwCI aqy pfxI df irsLqf bxy. ieh muihMm sfzy simaF dy sulGdy suaflF nUM smJx aqy ienHF df hwl qlfsLx leI gLdr pfrtI dy insLfinaF nUM lokF ivc AuBfrn vwl ivsLysL qvwjoN dyvy Pyr hI iesdf isPLqI pwK gfVHf aqy gUhVHf ho skygf. gLdr pfrtI ny ijnHF sfmrfjI phfVF nfl mwQf lfieaf. ijhVI afjLfdI, jmhUrIaq aqy lokF dI puwgq vflI afrQk-smfjk AusfrI leI ienklfbI smfjk qbdIlI dy afdrsL, gLdr pfrtI ny imwQy Auh kyNdrI muwdf, muihMm ‘c Poks hovy, gLdr sLqfbdI df ieh hfsl hovygf.
gLdr lihr sfzy aqIq dI hI amIr Drohr nhIN, ieh sfzf vrqmfn aqy BivwK vI hY. ijs sfmrfjI aqy hr vMngI dI dysI-bdysLI gLulfmI dIaF jMjLIrF qoV ky nvyN-nroey, agFh vDU, lokF dIaF swDrF, AumMgF ‘qy pUrf Auqrn vflf rfj aqy smfj isrjx leI gLdrI sMgrfmIey afpxf qn, mn, Dn sB kuJ inCfvr kr gey, Auh kfjL ajy nypry nhIN ciVHaf. gLdr dy AudysLF df gIq ies muihMm dOrfn lok-gfien bx jfvy, sfzIaF srgrmIaF df ivsLf-vsqU aqy syD ies idsLf ivc hovy Aus mhfn kfjL dI pUrqI leI ies sLqfbdI muihMm df vwzmuwlf Xogdfn hovygf.
kUkf lihr, 1857 df gLdr, sLhId Bgq isMG dI jnm sLqfbdI ienHF iqMnF dy ivsLysL XfdgfrI smfgmF dI qfjLf sLqfbdI lVI mOky sB dy sfhmxy hY ik Auh iDrF vI awzIaF cuwk cuwk ky ienHF dIaF sLqfbdIaF mnfAux aqy ienHF dy vfrs bxn df KyKx krdIaF rhIaF hn ijnHF df afjLfdI sMgrfm dOrfn dysL BgqI dI QF sfmrfjIaF dI BgqI df kflf irkfrz hY. ijhVIaF awj vI insMg ho ky lokF dI afjLfdI, jmhUrIaq aqy brfbrI leI cwl rhy sMgrfm nUM dbfAux leI hr hrbf vrq rhIaF hn. ijnHF dy dysI aqy bdysLI, lok-dusLmxF nfl gUhVy Xrfny hn.
tkrfvF ieiqhfs: lokF qy jokF df
gLdr pfrtI dI jnm sLqfbdI muihMm mOky aqy Kfs krky iesdy isKLr mOky aijhIaF vMn-suvMnIaF kflIaF qfkqF afpxy aprfDI muKVy aqy kfly ieiqhfs dy icwTy, gory krn leI gLdrI sUrimaF dIaF bysLrmI nfl vfrF gfAuxgIaF. sLhId Bgq isMG df sMsd ‘c buwq lfAuxf vI ies isafsI pwqybfjLI df aMg hY. ies lihr nUM afpxy afpxy isafsI sFcy ‘c Zfl ky lfhf lYx df jfl ivCfAuxgIaF. ieh gLdrIaF dI Xfd ‘c smfgm krn, afdm-KfxIaF aqy tol tYks KfxIaF sVkF dy nFa gLdrIaF dy nFa rwKx, sIrIalF, kYistF, sfihqk pRkfsLnfvF afid jfrI krn dy DMdy lwgxgIaF. srkfrI, gYr-srkfrI adfiraF, bhu-kOmI sfmrfjI kMpnIaF, mfPLIaf grohF, vwzy kflonfeIjrF afid vloN mfieaf dy gwiPLaF nfl spFsrz pRogrfmF nUM gLdrIaF dI Xfd ‘c smfgmF dy nFa dyx dIaF XugqF Kyzxgy. awq drjy dy iPrkU, PfsLI, ipCfKVI, sfmrfjIaF dy cftVy aqy lokF dI hr kon qoN nrk bxI ijLMdgI dy mujLirm, sfzy sLfnfmwqy ieiqhfs nUM agvf krn, jwPLf mfrn aqy iesdI afpy klgI sjf ky afpxy kfly ichry kwjx dy azMbr rcxgy. ieiqhfs df muhFdrf ivgfVn df aprfD krngy. ies sLqfbdI muihMm df mhwqvpUrx pwK hovygf ik ienHF vMn-suvMnIaF igrgtF nfloN spwsLt inKyVy dI lIk iKwc ky gLdr lihr dy insLfinaF dI pUrqI vwl syDq sLqfbdI smfgmF df qwq aqy rUp pysL kIqf jfvy.
lokF aqy jokF df ieiqhfs, rfjnIqI, sfihq aqy siBafcfr iek nhIN huMdf. srv-sFJf nhIN huMdf. jokF dIaF pRqIinD qfkqF, lokF dy ieiqhfs nUM lokF awgy afAux qoN rokx leI ijhVI vI Xugq vrqI jfvy vrqdIaF hn. lokF dI amIr, juJfrU, BfeIcfrk sFJ, sMgrfmI ivrfsq nUM lokF dI cyqnf ivcoN mnPLI krn leI vfh jhfn dI lfAuNdIaF hn. kUkf lihr, kfmfgftf mfrU aqy jwilHaF vflf bfg dy amr sLhIdF nUM sLhId aqy afjLfdI lihr df aMg mMnx qoN vI ajy qwk iknfrfksLI krdy rihxf iesdf mMUh boldf sbUq hY. jdoN aKIr lokF dI inrMqr rVkdI, AuBrdI mMg krky ieh kOmI ieiqhfs dy axgOly pMinaF aqy sMgrfmIaF nUM mfnqf df ruqbf vI idMdy hn qF ieh mjbUrI vs BrI kOVI Guwt huMdI hY nf ik ienHF dy ihrdy-pRIvrqn df koeI nmUnf! gLdr lihr aqy sLhId Bgq isMG dI ivcfrDfrf aqy mhfn afdrsLF nUM Gwty rolx leI ajy vI srkfrI aqy gYr srkfrI smfgmF ‘c kUV proisaf jf irhY. kdy AusnUM pOVI dy pihly zMzy df sLhId ikhf. kdy sLhId mMnx qoN hI ienkfrI hoieaf igaf pr lokF df sLhId notF ‘qy nhIN Cpdf lokF dIaF socF ‘c vsdf hY. iPLlmF, sIrIalF, kYlMzrF, kYistF aqy sitkrF afid rfhIN AusnUM kI df kI bxf ky pysL kIqf jf irhY. jilHaFvflf bfgL df muhFdrf bdl ky, afjLfdI qvfrIKL dI mhfn sFJI ienklfbI ivrfsq nUM tUirst spft bxf ky pIjf hwt aqy rOxk myly dI QF vwl sihjy-sihjy qbdIl krn leI kdm puwty jf rhy hn. ieiqhfsk qMg glIaF aqy golIaF dy insLfnF nUM imtfAux leI Zfa-ZuafeI aqy imwtI dI BrqI df kMm jLor sLor nfl ho irhY. ies lhU rwqI DrqI qoN sLhId Bgq isMG aqy sLhId AUDm isMG vrgy imwtI dI muwT sIny lf ky afjLfdI sMgrfm dy DrU qfry bx ky cmky. awj dy bflF nUM hux AuQy gubfiraF aqy mwkI dy BMuny dfixaF nUM pOp kfrn dwsky ienHF nfl prcf ky golIaF nfl BMuny gey inhwQy aqy puramn lokF nUM BulfAux df Xqn kIqf jfeygf. ajy qwk vI mulk dI rfjDfnI idwlI aMdr afjLfdI GulftIaF dI Xfdgfr bxfAux dI bjfey brqfnvI sfmrfj dy hI icMnH ‘ieMzIaf gyt’ nUM hI pUrI kOm df mwQf itkfieaf jFdf hY. ies qoN vD sfzy afjLfdI sMgrfmIaF aqy kOmI svYmfx df hor apmfn kI ho skdf hY?
gLdr pfrtI dI sQfpnf sLqfbdI mOky, 1857 dy gLdr df pUrv-kfl, 1857 df gLdr, gLdr pfrtI df ieiqhfs, bwbr akflI lihr, ikrqI-iksfn lihr, Xuwg-pltfAU lihr, nOjvfn Bfrq sBf, sLhId Bgq isMG Ausdy smkflI sfQIaF/jQybMdIaF df dOr, afeI[aYn[ey[ aqy 1946 dI nyvI bgfvq afid sBnF df inrMqr aMqr-sbMD, ieiqhfs dy drpx ivwcIN pysL krn df Xqn hoeygf. dysL-bdysL aMdr vwK-vwK KyqrF ‘c srgrm sBnF suihrd ihwisaF isr ienHF lihrF dI Koj-pVqfl krn aqy amuwly sLbkF nUM pwly bMnidaF sfzy simaF dIaF cuxOqIaF aqy loVF df ZukvF ihwsf bxfAux leI Xqn jtfAux dI sFJI ijLMmyvfrI hoeygI.
ieiqhfs df sUhf Puwl
gLdr pfrtI dy ieiqhfsk bfgL dy sUhy Puwl, sLhId Bgq isMG dI jnm sLqfbdI dI sB qoN aihm pRfpqI ieh khI jf skdI hY ik ies dOr ‘c Bgq isMG jFbfjL sUrmy, hws ky PFsI df rwsf cuMmx vfly, bMb-bMdUk vfly, pwg ik hYt vfly siqkfrq sLhId dIaF hwdF qoN ikqy AuWcI prvfjL Br igaf hY. Aus df aslI ibMb ikqy kwdfvr rUp ‘c AuBiraf hY. Auh gihrf, ivsLfl aqy dUr idRsLtI vflf icMqk, rfjnIqIvfn, jwQybMdkfr, lyKk aqy kihxI aqy krnI dy pUry, cotI dy ienklfbI afgU vjoN invyklI pihcfx df icMnH bx ky AuBiraf hY. kOmI mukqI sMgrfm nfl juVIaF sBnF lihrF df zMUGf aiDaYn krky, jo afjLfdI, jmhUrIaq aqy smfj df muhFdrF Bgq isMG ny pysL kIqf, jnm sLqfbdI muihMm AusnUM AuicafAux ‘c sPLl rhI. dysI-bdysLI hr vMngI dI gLulfmI dy sMgl cUr-cUr krky KLrI afjLfdI ilafAux aqy smfjvfdI rfj pRbMD dI sQfpnf dy agly pVfvF bfry tIcy imQ ky cwlx vfly ies ienklfbI sMgrfmIey df kwd ies krky hor vI AuBiraf aqy inKiraf ikAuNik Auh sfzy simaF df aqy sfzy BivwK df vI cfnx-munfrf hY. jy sLhId Bgq isMG jnm sLqfbdI mOky lokF dIaF KrIaF sBy qfkqF afpxy mihbUb sLhId dy ieh pwK lokF ivc gUhVy krn ‘c sPLl nf huMdIaF qF Bgq isMG jnm sLqfbdI mihjL rsm aqy iekwqrqfvF dI KLbr bx ky rih jfxI sI. dysL-bdysL ikqy vI vsdy sLhId dy sUJvfn vfrs mubfrkvfd dy hwkdfr hn ik Auh hr QF pUry svY-ivsLvfs, rfjnIqk spwsLtqf aqy Kfs krky Bgq isMG dI ivcfrDfrf aqy supinaF df smfj isrjx dy afdrsLF df JMzf hwQ lY ky jMgI pDr ‘qy ieAuN jnm sLqfbdI muihMm ‘qy Auqry ik lokF dy ivroDI kYNp ‘c KVHy vMn-suvMny lok-dusLmxF vloN sfzy sLhId nUM afpxy mnorQ leI vrqx dy sBnF XqnF AuWpr pfxI Pyr ky rwK idwqf. ies muihMm dI qfkq ies qwq ivc peI hY ik ies ny ieiqhfs dI prsMgkqf AuBfrI. hr rMg dy lok-doKIaF nfloN inKyVf kIqf. lokF awgy mukqI df rOsLn mfrg, ieiqhfs dy JroKy ‘coN pysL kIqf.
imsflI iekwT pwKoN vI sLhId Bgq isMG sLqfbdI hfkm DiVaF nUM mUDy mMUh mfr geI aqy pRo[ virafm isMG sMDU vloN ilKy ‘sLhId dy buwq’ ivcly kfivk bolF nUM lokF dI jLubfn ‘qy vI lY geI ik:
[[[[‘myry buwq nUM qusIN
jy buwq bx ky vyKdy rihxf,
qF mYnUM BMn dyvo, qoV dyvo
qy imwtI ‘c imlf dyvo
ijs imwtI ‘c
mYN qlvfr bx ky AuWgxf sI
qy dihkdy aMigafrF vFgU
kflIaF rfqF ‘c
awg df Puwl bx ky sI iKVnf
ies Puwl nUM, ies dI KusLbo nUM ijnHF kuwlIaF, ZfiraF, imwlF, cuwlHy cONky, cVHdI juafnI aqy buwDImfnf, ivdvfnF, klfkfrF, KojIaF, sfihqkfrF, kvIaF, siBafcfrk kfimaF aqy awDf aMbr bxdy aOrq vrg qwk iljfxf cfhIdf sI AuQy iljfx leI sLqfbdI muihMm mOky AudfhrxmeI AuWdm hoey aqy ho rhy hn.
ieh jrf lMmI Jfq ies krky pvfAux dI loV peI ik sLhId Bgq isMG dI soc aqy supinaF dI asl afDfrisLlf gLdr pfrtI, bhu-pfsfr vflI sLfnfmwqI ienklfbI lihr hY. ies krky gLdr pfrtI dI sQfpnf sLqfbdI mnfAux dIaF kuwl ivAuNqF/sLklF ‘c kyNdrI nukqf gLdr pfrtI dI ivcfrDfrf, ieiqhfs, sfihq, afdrsL aqy ajoky smyN nfl iesdI pRsMgkqf nUM AuBfrnf kyNdrI nukqf hoxf cfhIdf hY.
mUMh boldy gLdrI afdrsL
vkq dI loV sfzy isrF ‘qy ieh KVHI hY ik gLdr pfrtI sQfpnf sLqfbdI muihMm mOky gLdr pfrtI dy sLfnfmwqy ieiqhfs dy anykF pwKF nUM gOr nfl smJ ky awj dIaF cuxOqIaF nUM iswDy mwQy twkrn leI vwK-vwK KyqrF ‘c srgrm lok-ihwsy afpxf bxdf rol pCfnx.
n gLdr pfrtI ny sfmrfjvfd nUM pUrI qrHF mulk ivcoN AuKfV ky sMpUrn afjLfdI df insLfnf imiQaf.
n gLdr pfrtI ny jmhUrI, Drm-inrpwK (Drm hryk ivakqI df jfqI mfmlf hY) aqy pMcfieqI lok-pugq vfly lok rfj df JMzf cuwikaf.
n gLdr pfrtI ny aijhI rfjnIqk hiQafrbMd jwdo-jihd df rfh PiVaf ijs bgYr Auhdf iKafl sI sfmrfjI DfVvI sfzy mulk ‘coN afpxf kbjLf kdy nhIN Cwzxgy. pfrtI df iKafl sI ik lMby arsy qoN arjLIaF, qrilaF dy PVy rfh ny mulk df kuJ nhIN sMvfiraf.
n gLdr pfrtI ny sB leI rujLgfr, brfbr dy aiDkfr, pUrn hunr qwk lfjLmI muPLq pVHfeI df insLfnf imwiQaf.
n gLdr pfrtI pihly pVfa smyN mulk dI afjLfdI aqy jmhUrIaq leI jUJdI hoeI agly pVfvF ivcoN gujLrdI hoeI sFJIvflqf dy smfjk pRbMD dy afpxy sMklpF nUM amlI rUp idMdI smfjvfd qwk awgy jfx leI sfPL aqy spwsLt sI.
n gLdr pfrtI dI kOmFqrIvfdI idRsLtI hryk gLdrI leI lfjLmI bxfAuNdI hY ik Auh dunIaf dy iksy vI kony ivc hY AuQy hI sfmrfj iKlfPL cwldIaF kOmI mukqI aqy lok-mukqI lihrF dy hwk ‘c afvfjL bulMd kry aqy afpxy mulk nUM afjLfd krfAux leI afjLfdI lihr ‘c ihwsf pfvy.
n gLdr pfrtI df amuwlf pwK hY ik iesny imwlF, KyqF ‘c kMm krdy ikrqIaF, iksfnF aqy ividafrQIaF qoN lY ky buwDIjIvIaF, lyKkF aqy kvIaF qwk nUM afpxy klfvy ‘c ilaf, nvyN pUr pYdf kIqy.
n gLdr pfrtI df muZlf lV prAupkfr, bMdy mfqrm, sUPLIafnf rMg, dysL-BgqI, afjLfdI nfl juVdf hY aqy iesdf dUjf lV sfmrfjvfd-murdfbfd! ienklfb-ijLMdfbfd!! aqy smfjvfd-ijLMdfbfd!!! nfl jf juVdf hY.
n gLdr pfrtI vloN Cfpy jFdy aKLbfr ‘gLdr’ AuWpr ‘‘jy icq pRym Kylx kf cfAu-isr Dr qlI glI morI afAu’’ Aukry hoxf, do qlvfrF df aqy nfl hI PuwlF df hoxf ieh drsfAuNdf hY ik pfrtI afpxy afdrsLF leI loV muqfbk hr kurbfnI krn leI vI iqafr hY. ieh pfrtI amn dI CF vI locdI hY aqy PuwlF lwidaf mihk Biraf KLUbsUrq smfj vI isrjxf cfhuMdI hY.
sLhId Bgq isMG, gLdr pfrtI dI afDfrisLlf nUM byhwd AuicafAuNdf hY. Auh sLhId krqfr isMG srfBf nUM afpxf gurU, pRyrnf-sroq aqy sfQI vjoN siqkfrdf hY. kUkf lihr aqy bwbr akflI lihr dI afjLfdI sMgrfm ‘c BUimkf nUM bulMd krdf hY. AunHF dIaF kurbfnIaF nUM nqmsqk huMdf afpxy afdrsLF ‘c hor inKfr ilafAuNdf hY. ieiqhfs dy sLIsLy ‘c ieAuN hI ajokI lihr nUM vI afpf vyKx dI loV hY. Auprokq ijLkr ‘c afey gLdr pfrtI dy tIicaF dy rMg ‘c rMgy inrMqr sMGrsL dI gwl kridaF ijvyN Bgq isMG ilKdf hY ik:
‘‘jd qwk smfjvfdI lok rfj sQfpq nhIN ho jFdf aqy smfj df vrqmfn ZFcf KLqm krky Aus dI QF smfjk KusLhflI ‘qy afDfrq nvF smfjk ZFcf Ausr nhIN jFdf, jd qwk hr iksm dI luwt-Ksuwt asMBv bxf ky mnuwKqf ‘qy asl aqy sQfeI amn dI CF nhIN huMdI, qd qwk ieh jMg hor nvyN josL hor vDyry inzrqf, bhfdrI qy atwl ierfdy nfl lVI jFdI rhygI.’’
cfnx dI gLYr hfjLrI df nfa hnHyrf
pRkfsLnfvF aqy sYmInfrF afid ‘c gLdr pfrtI bfry ‘BuwlV’, ‘sfDfrx’, ‘josL ‘c hosL nf rwK skx vfly’, ‘kdy iswK lihr kdy dilq lihr’ bxf ky pysL kridaF gLdr lihr nUM Dfrmk, jfqI rMgxf cfVn, kdy dihsLqgrd, lokF nfloN tuwty hoey, prdysF ‘c apmfn nf Jwlx krky hI sIs qlI ‘qy Dr ky sfgrF ‘c iTwlH pYx vfly afid Qok pwDr ‘qy pVHn suxn nUM imldf hY. gLdr pfrtI dy AulIky afdrsLF, amlF aqy ivigafnk ivsLlysLx awgy aijhI koeI vI sLkl-ivgfV krdI koisLsL itk nhIN skdI. so, sQfpnf sLqfbdI muihMm awgy gLdr lihr dy Tos ieiqhfsk pRmfxF aqy srgrmIaF dy vyrvy pysL krdy smyN aijhy ierfidaF bfry cOkMny krn df kfrj hoeygf. ibnF sLwk gLdr lihr dIaF AUxqfeIaF, sImqfeIaF, hflfq dy jfieijaF, XuwDnIqI afid iksy vI pwK AuWpr AuNgl Drdy smyN AusfrU aflocnfqmk njLrIaf Aus qoN amuwly sbk hfsl krn df hovy. Aus dI ieiqhfsk amIrI leI sfrQk hovy. sfzy awj aqy kwlH dy sMgrfmF mOky AunHF JukfvF, vrqfiraF qoN sMBl ky, sucyq ho ky cwlx df hovy aijhI pVcolvIN ksvwtI AuWpr kIqIaF ieiqhfsk inrKF prKF nUM kOx jI afieaF nhIN khygf. keI vfrI myilaF, sYmInfrF, crcfvF, srgrmIaF mOky aPsosnfk pihlU sfhmxy afAuNdf hY ijs sdkf nf qF gLdr lihr dy ieiqhfs nfl iensfP huMdf hY. nf lihr nUM ajoky srokfrF nfl joV ky ivcfiraf jFdf hY. nf hI BivwK sMvfrn leI ies dI aimt dyx qoN rOsLnI lYx dy pihlU AuBfry jFdy hn. ieQoN qwk ik gLdr lihr dI ivcfrDfrf, ieiqhfs, rfjnIqI aqy sfihq nfl mUloN tkrfvyN ihwqF vfly DVy/ivakqI, gLdrI myly/smfgm dy mOky dysL-ivdysL aMdr muwK mihmfn sjf ley jFdy hn. kmfl df pwK qF Aus mOky sfhmxy afAuNdf hY jdoN gLdr pfrtI bfry byjLmIny mjLdUrF, iksfnF, ividafrQIaF aqy nOjvfnF awgy crcf CyVdy hF AunHF df BfvyN ieiqhfsk jfxkfrI df igafn-BMzfr AUxf ho skdf hY pr AunHF dI lihr dI ivcfrDfrf aqy AudysLF nUM afqmsfq krn dI idRsLtI vDyry spwsLt hY. jd ik keI ‘‘mhF ivdvfn’’ khfAux vflIaF vMngIaF afpxy hI imQy dfieiraF muqfbk sfzI amIr sFJI ivrfsq gLdr lihr nUM afpxy hI svY iewCq njLrIey qoN pysL krdIaF hn. ies leI akfdimk KyqrF, sMGrsLsLIl lokF aqy awj vI ivsLvIkrx dy nvyN ilbfs ‘c sfmrfjIaF vwloN boly hmly hyT afey lok ihwisaF ivc sLqfbdI muihMm AuqsLfhI vyg aqy nvyN muhfviraF ‘c CyVn dI jLrUrq hY. hr suihrd lok-pwKI sMsQfvF aqy ivakqIaF dIaF ivsLfl kmytIaF Ausfrky gLdr lihr dy sFJy pRogrfm nUM afDfr bxfky sFJI srgrmI aqy muihMm ivwZx dI loV hY. gLdr lihr nUM bdrMg krn vfly kflKL dy vxjfry AuwQy hI cFbVF pf skdy hn ijwQy ieiqhfs dy cfnx dI gYr hfjLrI huMdI hY ikAuNik rOsLnI awgy hnHyrf KVH nhIN skdf. gLdr pfrtI dy bfnI bfbf sohx isMG Bknf dy ieiqhfsk bolF nUM sLqfbdI muihMm mOky lok-mnF AuWpr gUhVHI qrHF Aukrn leI ‘kuwjy ‘c bMd smMudr’ vrgy ienHF ivcfrF nUM smJxf jLrUrI hY. AunHF df kihxf hY:
‘‘gLdr df arQ hY -
ienklfb df ibgl
eykqf df Pl - sLkqI aqy afjLfdI
eykqf df mUl - smfjvfd
anykqf df mUl - sfmrfjvfd
nOjvfno! AuWTo!! Xuwg plt irhf hY. afpxy krqwv pUry kro. hr pRkfr dI gLulfmI kI afrQk kI rfjnIqk qy kI smfjk jVH qoN AuKyV suwto.
mnuwKqf hI swcf Drm hY.
jY jnqf!!’’
gLdr pfrtI CUq-Cfq df sKLq ivroD krn df rfh idKfAuNdI ieAuN kihMdI hY;
‘‘imlky sB grIbF ny gLdr krnf,
afs rwKxI nf sLfhUkfr vflI.
‘‘CUq Cfq df koeI iKafl nfhIN
sfnUM prK nf cUhVy cumfr vflI.’’
gLdr lihr qF iPrkU, Dfrmk, jfq-pfqI, KyqrI, nslI sBnf vMzIaF aqy ivqkiraF qoN AuWpr AuT ky mnuwK nUM ‘dyvqy’, ikrq nUM Drm aqy ikrq dI afjLfdI nUM sB qoN pivwqr kfjL smJdI hY. Pyr vI mwlo jorI kuJ ivakqI ijnHF dy afpxy pwly nf ikrqI lokF dI mukqI leI ivcfrDfrf/rfjnIqI hY. nf hI afpxy imwqrF aqy dusLmxF ‘c shI inKyVf krn dI idRsLtI aqy ierfdf hY. nf ikrqIaF df rfj Bfg sQfpq krn leI lok-sMgrfm df koeI eyjMzf hY. Auh sO ivMg vl pf ky lok lihr Aupr Dfvf boldy rihMdy hn. Auh awj vI ikrqIaF dI puwgq vfly smfj leI jUJ rhIaF qfkqF AuWpr by isr pYr dUsLx Qwpx dI Kyz ‘c glqfn rihMdy hn. gLdrI sMgrfmIaF dI idRsLtI qF gLdrI gUMjF dIaF ienHF sqrF qoN prKI jf skdI hY:
mjLhbI JgiVaF ny sfzf nfs kIqf,
jrf eynHf nUM pry htf leIey.
keI dysL GfqI iPrn iewlH vFgUM,
bfjL gLdr nUM asIN AuVf leIey.
jotIaF pf ky jUJx vfly bfbf sohx isMG Bknf, lflf hridafl, pMzq kfsLI rfm mVOlI hovy bfbf jvflf isMG TwTIaF jF rihmq alI vjIdky aqy gLdrI gulfb, gulfb kOr vrgy hox. koeI bMgflI, mrfTI, mwD pRdysL, XU[pI[ pMjfb afid qoN hovy ienHF ‘c iksy qrHF df mjLHbI aqy ielfkfeI iBMn Byd lfgy nhIN afieaf. ieQoN qwk ik bfhrly mulkF aMdr gurdvfiraF dy aMdr hwQo-hwQI gLdr aKLbfr vMizaf jFdf sI. ‘mulk dI afjLfdI leI dysL nUM cwlo’ dy nfary gMUjdy rihMdy sn. rihMdI KMUhdI ksr ieiqhfs df lhU rwqf sunihrI pMnf kwZ idMdf hY ijhVf drsfAuNdf hY ik ikvyN ieko idn, ieko vyly, ieko rwsy nfl blvMq isMG Kurdpur (jlMDr), zf[ arUV isMG sMGvfl (jlMDr), hrnfm cMd PiqhgVH (huisLafrpur), bfbU rfm PiqhgVH (huisLafrpur) aqy hfiPLj abduwlf (jgrfEN) sYNtrl jylH lfhOr ‘c 29 mfrc 1917 nUM sLhfdq dI hws hws ky iekwTy hI pING JUt gey. kI ienHF afjLfdI sMgrfmIaf ny jfq, Drm, iPLrkf, ielfkf afid df PLrk smiJaf? kI awj nvyN ‘‘isDFqkfr’’, ‘‘ieiqhfskfr’’ ienHF nUM hux ieiqhfs ivcoN alwg-alwg krngy? aijhIaF cuxOqIaF vfr vfr AuTdIaF rihMdIaF hn. ienHF nUM pCfVn leI kfrgr ZMg qF iehI hY ik gLdr lihr dI ieiqhfsk amIrI nUM ajokI lok ihqYsLI, dysL Bgq ienklfbI-jmhUrI lihr aMdr sQfpq krn leI icMqn, cyqnf aqy lok sMGrsL df prcm bulMd kIqf jfvy. gLdrIaF dy kfjL nUM hor awgy qordy aqy sLhId Bgq isMG horF dy pUry ieiqhfsk dOr nUM aMqr-sbMDq qOr ‘qy hwQ lYNdy hoey ienHF dy supinaF df rMglf rMgIlf, qrwkI dIaF pulFGF Brdf, dysLI-bdysLI jokF dI QF lokF dI puwgq vflf nvF smfj isrjx leI lok sMgrfm ‘c afpo afpxy ihwsy dI mombwqI bflI jfey.
sO vrHy qoN vI pihlF ijnHF hflqF vs sfzy lok prdysI hoey. Pyr gLdrI PLryry cuwky. lfimsfl kurbfnIaF df ieiqhfs ricaf. ivsLv aMdr PYly afriQk mMdvfVy kfrn ajoky hflfq AunHF simaF nfloN hor vI bd qoN bdqr hoey hn. gLdr df gIq muV chuM kUtF ‘c gfAux dI qIbr loV hY. iek ivsLvIkrx df sMklp, gLdr pfrtI, ikrqI iksfn pfrtI aqy sLhId Bgq isMG horF ny pUry ivsLv ‘coN sfmrfj aqy Ausdf pfxI Brn vfilaF qoN mukq sFJIvflqf-smfjvfd vflf ivsLv BfeIcfrf Ausfrn dy insLfny vflf imwiQaf. ikwQy ajokf sfmrfjI ivsLvIkrx jo kuwl dunIaF nUM iek ipMz bxfAux dy JUTy dmgjLy mfrdf kuwl dunIaF dy ipMz hVwpx jf irhY. vylf, afvfjL dy irhY afpxf ieiqhfs, ivrsf pihcfnx dI aqy iesdI loa vMzx dI. gLdr pfrtI sQfpnf sLqfbdI muihMm aqy vgdy diraf vrgI gLdr lihr dy afdrsLF dI pUrqI leI ivrsy dy sBnf Kry pihrydfrF qoN ajokf smF aqy BivwK kuwJ afs krdf hY. afE! aijhy supinaF dy sUrjF dy hmsPLr bxIey.

shfiek skwqr
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