kihr jb tUtf KLudf KLudf krky
- gurbIr isMG Buwlr (sivtjLrlYNz)
eI-pqf: gurbir81bhullar@yahoo.com
 

mnuwK muwZ-kdIm qoN hI kudrqI afPLqF nfl jUJdf afieaf hY. svY-rwiKaf dI pRivrqI qoN Aupjy igafn sdkf, iensfn ny kudrqI sLkqIaF nUM kfbU krn dI bhuq koisLsL kIqI hY aqy kfPLI hwd qwk kfmXfb vI hoieaf hY. awg dy ijMn nUM vws krky, AusqoN motr-kfrF, kfrKfny qy jhfj clvf lYxf jF afp muhfry vihMdy aqy hVH bx ky lokF dIaF PslF AujfVdy, kMDF-koTy ZfhuMdy dirafeI pfxIaF nUM jugq nfl bMnH ky ibjlI vI bxf lYxI aqy KyqF nUM pfxI vI dy lYxf, ieh koeI CotIaF pRfpqIaF nhIN. igafn ivigafn dIaF pRfpqIaF dI Pihirsq bhuq lMmI hY. eyny mfarky mfr lYx dy bfvjUd vI pRikrqI dIaF sLkqIaF dI ivsLflqf awgy mnuwKI hoNd bhuq vfr bOxI aqy kmjLor jfpdI hY. tfeItYink vrgf vwzf jhfj bxf ky jdoN mnuwK ieh Brm pfldf hY ik Ausny hux ivsLfl sfgrF dI ihwk qy PLiqh pf leI hY qF aijhf Brm tuwtidaF bhuqf smF nhIN lwgdf. jdoN kdy smuMdr roh ivwc af ky sunfmI bxdf hY jF vwsdy rwsdy ipMzF-sLihrF nUM Bucfl vrgI afPLq af dbocdI hY qF iensfnI akl nUM hrkq ivwc afAux df mOkf vI nhIN imldf. sLfied aijhf hI kuJ vfpiraf hovygf purfqn romn sLihr ‘pompy’ (Pompeii) dy vfsIaF nfl.
kuJ sfl pihlF ‘lfl isMG kmly akflI’ dy ‘vlYqI sPLrnfmyN’ ivwc ies sLihr bfry piVHaf sI. ipCly vrHy, awKIN vyKx dI iewCf vI pUrI ho geI. ‘pompy’ (Pompeii) nfm df ieh sLihr ietlI dy dwKxIN sUby ‘kMpfnIaf’ (Campania) ivwc kdy vwsdf huMdf sI. cMgI jmIn aqy pOx-pfxI sdkf ‘kMpfnIaf’ df ielfkf bhuq jLrKLyjL hY. lfqInI BfsLf ivwc ‘kMpfnIaf’ df sLfbidk arQ vI ‘AupjfAU’ iKwqf hY. ieQoN dy lihlhfAuNdy KyqF dI hiraflI keI vfr pMjfb ivwc ivcrdy hox df BulyKf pfAuNdI hY. sfry pwCmI-XUrp dy lok gfvF df duwD pINdy hn pr kMpfnIaF dy lok mwJF df duwD pINdy hn. mwJF dy duwD qoN bixaf ‘mOjLrylf-pnIr’ (Mozzarella di bufala) goky duwD qoN bxy ‘mOjLrylf’ nfloN ivsLysL QF rwKdf hY. bhuq sfry pMjfbI, pfiksqfnI jF aPrIkn lok kMpfnIaf dy KyqF, zyarI PfrmF aqy PYktrIaF ivwc kMm krdy hn. AuhnF dy kMm kfr bfry kdy Pyr gwl krFgy. iPlhfl gwl krdy hF, ‘pompy’ bfry. ies sLihr dI hoxI bfry purfqwq KojI kuJ ies qrHF dwsdy hn:
romn kYlMzr dy AunfsIvyN sfl dy agsq mhIny dI 24 qrIk sI. idn df pihlf pihr suwKIN sFdI lMG igaf sI. lok inwq dI qrHF afpo afpxy ruJyivaF ivwc lwgy hoey sn. GrF ivwc bIbIaF dupihr dy Kfxy dI iqafrI kr rhIaF sn. bwcy glIaF ivwc Kyzdy iPrdy sn. iksy nUM koeI icwq cyqf vI nhIN hoxF afAux vfly pl kI sunyhf lY ky afAux vfly sn. rvF rvIN qurdI ijLMdgI, acfnk iewk iBafnk gVgVfht nfl suMn ho geI. DrqI nUM kMbf dyx vflI ieh gVgVfht ‘vYsUvIas’ vwloN afeI sI. ‘pompy’ qoN sfhmxy njLr afAuNdf phfV ‘vYsUvIas’ -ijs bfry kdy iksy ny ikafs vI nhIN kIqf hovygf ik Auh mOq df aijhf iBafnk sfmfn lkoeI bYTf hY- awj acfnk bVy hI KOPLnfk qrIky nfl dhfiVaf sI. hr rojL afm phfVF vrgf idsx vflf phfV awj lfvf Auglx vfly dYNq df rUp Dfrn kr igaf sI. ies jvflfmuKI qoN pompy dI dUrI koeI 6 mIl hovygI, AuproN kihr vflI gwl ieh ik hvf df ruK vI sLihr vwl nUM ho igaf. kflI rfK dy bwdlF ny idny-dupihry Guwp hnyrf kr idwqf. kuJ hI plF ivwc ipGlIaF hoeIaF cwtfnF aqy sVdIaF-bldIaF gYsF dI vrKf sLurU ho geI. ieh sB kuJ eynI qyjI nfl vfpiraf ik iksy nUM afpxF bcfa krn df mOkf vI nf imilaf. kyvl do GMitaF dy QoVyH ijhy smyN ivwc hI Auh sfrf ielfkf jvflfmuKI dI grm rfK ny Zwk ilaf. mnuKF, jfnvrF aqy hiraflI smyq hr qrF df jIvn pUrI qrF lupq ho igaf. jd agly idn df sUrj ciVHaf qF dunIaF dy nksLy qoN ‘pompy’ df nfmo insLfn imt cuwikaf sI. bfkI bicaf sI kyvl rfK df 6 mItr AuWcf Zyr. ‘pompy’ dy nfl nfl ‘hrkulynIam’, ‘stYbIey’ aqy ‘EploNits’ vrgy kuJ Coty ipMz vI ies afPLq df isLkfr hoey sn. jvflfmuKI df kihr QMmHidaF hI sLfied rfhq kfrjF leI romn POj ByjI vI geI sI, pr EQy bcfa krn nUM bicaf hI kuJ nhIN sI. sLihr AuWpr svfh izwgx qoN bfad BfrI vrKf hoeI sI, ijs nfl Auh rfK aqy lfvf TMZf ho ky pwQr dI qrHF sKq ho igaf sI.
smF bIqx nfl lokIN Buwl Bulf gey ik kdy EQy koeI sLihr vI vwsdf hovygf. krIb 17 sdIaF bfad 1748 ivwc ies bfry iPr qoN pqf lwgf. ‘pompy’ dI Koj bfry vI keI khfxIaF pRcwilq hn. kihMdy ny ik iewk iksfn afpxy Kyq ivwc kMm kr irhf sI ik Aus nUM lohy dI iewk pfeIp njLr afeI. Aus pfeIp nUM bfhr kwZx leI Aus ny puwtxf sLurU kr idwqf qy puwtidaF - puwtidaF Auh jLmIndojL sLihr dI iewk glI ivwc jf viVaf. ieh vI ikhf jFdf hY ik kuJ lutyry dwby hoey romn Kjfny lwBdy iPrdy sn, 15vIN -16vIN sdI dy eyV gyV AuhnF ny dwby hoey ies sLihr df pqf lgfieaf sI. kihMdy ny ik 1738 ivwc ietlI dy sLihr ‘nfpolI’ dy bfdsLfh leI grmIaF dI irhfiesLgfh bxfAux leI jd kfmy nINh pwut rhy sn qF hyToN ‘hrkulynIam’ inkl afieaf. ieh gwl kfPLI sQfpq hY ik ‘zomnIko Pontfnf’ nfm df iewk ieMjInIar 1599 eIsvI ivwc ‘sfrno’ diraf df vihx bdlx leI kMm krvf irhf sI, jdoN ieh sLihr asl ivwc lwBy gey. pr KudfeI df asl kMm sLurU kridaF-kridaF krIb 150 sfl hor lMG gey. KudfeI AupRMq AuhnF lokF dI swiBaqf aqy rihxI bihxI dy bVy ivlwKx qwQ sfhmxy afey hn. ‘pompy’ dIaF glIaF ivwc iPridaF ieEN jfpdf hI nhIN ik ieh 2000 sfl pihlF dI gwl hovygI. pwQr dIaF pwkIaF sVkF, bfjLfrF ivwc lwgIaF pfxI dIaF tUtIaF, aiq AuWqm iemfrqsfjLI, vwzy-vwzy QIeytr, bhuq hI afhlf klfkfrI aqy ikMnF hI kuJ aijhf hor. awj vI dunIaF dy bhuq sfry sLihrF ivwc ieh sfrIaF shUlqF AuplBd nhIN hn.

bykrI dy ivhVy ivwc lwgIaF aftf cwkIaF;

pompy dy KMzrF sfhmxy KVHf lyKk aqy phfV vYsUvIas `qy Cfey kfly bwdl.

eIsf dy jnm qoN vI koeI Cy sdIaF pUrv iksfnF aqy mCyiraF dy inwky ijhy ipMz vjoN ‘pompy’ df muwZ bwJf sI. AupjfAU jmIn aqy dirafeI pfxI sdkf ipMz ny cMgf ivkfs kIqf. jhfjrfnI dy ivkisq hox nfl vpfr sLurU hoieaf aqy smF pf ky ‘pompy’ iewk mhwqvpUrx bMdrgfh vjoN AuWBiraf. srmfieaf afAux nfl qrwkI huMdI geI aqy mCyiraF df Auh inwkf ijhf ipMz iewk aiq ivkisq sLihr bx igaf. KudfeI AuprMq imlIaF bhuq sfrIaF srfvF aqy ajoky ZfibaF jF ‘rYstorYNtF’ ijhIaF Kfx-pIx dIaF shUlqF ies gwl dI jfmnI BrdIaF hn ik ‘pompy’ ivwc vpfrIaF `qy musfPLrF dI aksr afvfjfeI rihMdI sI. ajoky mhFngrF dI qrF hI, ijwQy vpfrIaF jF prdysIaF df afAuxf jfxf hovy AuWQy, AuhnF dy mnorMjn df pRbMD vI jLrUr kIqf jFdf hY. ies leI ‘pompy’ ivwc vI mOj msqI dy anykF sfDn mOjUd sn. ieEN jfpdf hY ik ‘pompy’ ivsLv dy sB qoN purfxy DMdy vysLvfgmnI df vI iewk vwzf kyNdr sI. KudfeI dOrfn inkly cklfGr aqy AuhnF dIaF kMDF qy bxy kfmuk icwqr qy mUrqIaF afid ies gwl dI gvfhI idMdyy hn. pihlF pihl jdoN ieh icwqr lwBy gey qF iehnF nUM asLlIl mMndy hoey muV dbf idwqf igaf. 1819 ivwc nfpolI dy rfsLtrI ajfiebGr ivwc ‘pompy’ bfry iek numfiesL lgfeI geI. bfdsLfh PrFiss-pihlf, afpxI pqnI aqy muitafr DI nfl Auh numfiesL vyKx afieaf qF iehnF asLlIl mUrqF nUM vyK ky eynF avfjfr hoieaf ik Aus ny hukm jfrI kIqf ik sfry icwqr iek bMd kmry ivwc rwK idwqy jfx `qy kyvl vzyrI Aumr dy aqy AuWcy ikrdfr vfly lokF nUM hI vyKx dI iejfjq idwqI jfvy. Aus qoN bfad keI vfr iehnF nUM lokF dy vyKx leI KoilHaf igaf, Pyr bMd kIqf igaf qy Pyr sfl 2000 ivwc lokF leI pUrI qrF KolH idwqf igaf. pr awj vI nfbfilg bwicaF nUM kyvl iksy vwzy dI mOjUdgI ivwc hI ies kmry ivwc jfx dI iejfjq imldI hY. ivigafnI iehnF icwqrF nUM Aus smyN dI klfkfrI df AuWqm nmUnF mMndy hn. ies qoN ielfvf kMDF qy mfrIaF JrItF aqy ilKIaF AUl-jlUl gwlF df ivsLlysLx krn AupRMq purfqwq KojI aqy BfsLf ivigafnI ies nqIjy qy phuMcy hn ik mnuwK mUl rUp ivwc afKr mnuwK hI huMdf hY, BfvyN Auh iksy vI smyN aqy sQfn ivwc ivcr irhf hovy. iensfnf dIaF buinafdI privrqIaF lwgBwg ieko ijhIaF hI huMdIaF hn.
ies KudfeI dOrfn KojIaF ny vyiKaf ik ijwQy ikqy koeI mnuwK jF jfnvr dwibaf igaf sI, AuQy iek Kol ijhf bx igaf sI, ikAuNik eynf smF bIq jfx krky dwbI lfsL pUrI qrF Kqm ho cuwkI sI. iPAurylI nfm dy KojI ny iewk nvIN qknIk eIjfd kIqI. ijwQy vI ikqy KoKlI jgHf df afBfs huMdf, Aus ivwc iewk isry qoN plfstr Br idwqf jFdf. ies qrIky nfl Auh ivakqI jo Aus lfvy dI svfh hyT dwibaf igaf sI, Aus df hU-bhU buwq bx jFdf. Auh plfstr dy buwq -ijnHF ivwc iek kuwqf vI sLfiml hY- awj vI pompy ivwc vyKy jf skdy hn.

Aus qRfsdI df isLkfr hoey iewk ivakqI df plfstr df buwq;

pfxI pIx leI sVk qy lwgI tUtI aqy Ausdy awgy bixaf cubwcf.

krIb vIh sdIaF purfxy ies sLihr dy KMzrF ivwc iPridaF ijhVIaF do cIjF ny mYnUM sB qoN vwD pRBfivq kIqf Auh sn - pfxI dI splfeI df isstm qy vwzy vwzy QIeytr. ibjlI aqy ajokI msLInrI dI axhoNd dy bfvjUd KUhF jF sfrno diraf df pfxI iekwTf kr ky ijs qrkIb nfl cuwk ky sfry sLihr ivwc splfeI kIqf jFdf sI, Auh vfikaf hI hYrfnIkuMn hY. ieh pfxI jLmIndojL iswky dIaF bxIaF vwKo-vwK pfeIpF duafrf amIr lokF dy GrF qwk phuMcdf, glIaF ivwc lwgIaF tUtIaF rfhIN afm jnqf nUM muhweIaf huMdf aqy jnqk iesLnfn GrF dy hmfm Brdf. ieh sfrf pRbMD eynI klfkfrI nfl isrijaf igaf sI ik jy kdy pfxI dI kmIN af jfvy qF sB qoN pihlF GrF dI splfeI bMd hovy, Pyr jnqk iesLnfn GrF dI aqy aKIr ivwc lokF dy pIx leI lgfeIaF tUtIaF dI. pompy ivwc vwzy Coty iqMn QIeytr hn, jo ik iemfrqsfjI aqy qknIk pwKoN ajoky QIeytrF nUM vI mfq pfAuNdy jfpdy hn. sB qoN vwzy ‘aYmPLIQytr’-ijs ivwc kdy glYzIeytrF dIaF KUMKfr lVfeIaF huMdIaF sn -ivwc vIh hjfr lokF dy bYTx dI jgHf hY. smfjk drjfbMdI anusfr hI drsLkF dy bYTx df ieMqjfm kIqf igaf hY. ivakqI-ivsLysL aglIaF kqfrF ivwc bYTdy sn afm lok ivckfr aqy nOkr qy gulfm sB qoN ipwCy. ikAuNik ik ieh QIeytr AuWproN Cwiqaf nhIN sI hoieaf, ies leI Duwp qoN bcx leI kwpVy dI vwzI knfq lfeI jFdI sI. ies QIeytr df pRbMD aqy BIV nUM kfbU ivwc rwKx leI kIqI XojnfbMdI kmfl dI hY. ies qoN ielfvf pMj hjfr sItF vflf iewk hor QIeytr vI hY, jo ik AuWproN Cwiqaf huMdf sI. iehnF QIeytrF ivwc huMdy rMg qmfsLy vyKx leI BfrI igxqI ivwc lok dUr durfizEN afAuNdy sn. AuhnF dy Kfx-pIx aqy rihx df bMdobsq vI jrUrI sI. sLihr ivwc hotlF vrgIaF bhuq sfrIaF Kfx-pIx dIaF dukfnf sn. ies ielfky dI bxI aMgUrF dI sLrfb bhuq msLhUr sI aqy Aus dy bkfiedf brFz sn. kuJ aYsIaF surfhIaF vI imlIaF hn ijMnHF qy sLrfb iqafr krn vflIaF kMpnIaF dy nF pqy Aukry hoey hn. sLihr ivwc iewk vwzI bykrI vI sI, jo brYWz afid bxfAuNdI sI. ies bykrI dy ivhVy ivwc do vwzIaF vwzIaF cwkIaF sn, ijwQy kohlU dI qrHF bld jF GoVy joa ky aftf pIisaf jFdf sI. anfj aqy hor Bojn pdfrQ sFBx leI imWtI dy pwky mwt vrqy jFdy sn. sLihr ivwclIaF sfrIaF glIaF qy sVkF pwkIaF hn. pwQr nfl bxfeIaF muwK sVkF dy dohIN pfsIN pYdl qurn vfilaF leI vDIaf PuwtpfQ bxy hoey hn. ikAuNik pompy vfsIaF kol ajoky sIvr isstm vrgf koeI aMzrgrfAUNz pRbMD nhIN sI, ies leI GrF df aqy mINh df pfxI glIaF ivwc hI vgdf sI. ies leI glI dy iewk pfsy bxy PuwtpfQ qy quridaF jykr glI pfr krky dUjy pfsy jfxf pvy qF Aus leI ikqy ikqy glI dy ivcfly pwQr lf ky lMGx jogf rfh bxfieaf hoieaf hY, qF jo gMdy pfxI nfl pYr nf ilbVx. KudfeI dOrfn, iewk Gr ivwcoN kuJ aYsy sMd vI lwBy hn jo iksy jrfh jF zfktr dy hI khy jf skdy hn. Aus Gr ivwcoN imilaf dvfeIaF rwKx vflf iewk bksf aqy kuJ hor qwQ ies gwl vwl iesLfrf krdy hn ik Auh Gr iksy hkIm jF zfktr df hI ho skdf hY. dwisaf jFdf hY ik purfqn romn kfl dOrfn ielfj pRxflI kfPI ivksq sI.

pwkIaF sVkF qy PuwtpfQ aqy glI pfr krn leI lgfey pwQr qF jo glIaF ivwc iPrdy pfxI nfl pYr nf ilbVx;

ajoky ‘tyk-avya’ vrgf iewk Zfbf.

DrqI dI buwkl ivwcoN lwBI mnuwKI ivkfs dI ies anmol ivrfsq bfry ijEN-ijEN pqf lwgdf igaf, lok dUr-durfizAuN cwlky ies nUM vyKx afAux lwgy. AuhnF dy rihx-sihx, Kfx-pIx aqy Gwumx-iPrn leI hotlF, bwsF-gwzIaF aqy tYksIaF afid df pRbMD krnf ipaf. vyKdy-vyKdy pompy dy KMzrF dy iblkul nyVy iewk nvF ksbf (Pompei) vws igaf. iewk aMdfjy muqfbk hr sfl 26 lwK lok ies asQfn nUM vyKx leI afAuNdy hn. aMqrfsLtrI sMsQf XUnYsko (UNESCO) ny sfl 1997 ivwc pompy nUM ‘ivsLv ivrfsq’ (World Heritage site) df drjf dy idwqf sI, qF jo ies nUM afAux vflIaF pIVHIaF leI hor vI byhqr ZMg nfl sMBfl ky rwiKaf jf sky. hux qwk pompy vfsIaF nfl vfpry duKFq nUM keI ikqfbF, iPlmF aqy zrfimaF rfhIN pysL kIqf jf cuwkf hY. pompy dIaF glIaF ivwc iPridaF, ZwTy KMzrF nUM vyK ky ieh aMdfjy lfAuNidaF ik jd ieh sLihr vwsdf hovygf qF ikho ijhf lwgdf hovygf, mn keI qrF dIaF BfvnfvF dy vyg ivwc vihMdf rihMdf hY. keI vfr smF ruikaf hoieaf jfpdf hY. kdy pompy vfsIaF dI klfkfrI aqy qrwkI nUM vyK awsL-awsL kridaF qy kdy kudrq dy kihr qoN qObf-qObf kridaF, koml mn Bfvuk hoey ibnf nhIN rihMdy. kQf khfxIaF ivwc prlo jF mhFprlo bfry piVHaf-suixaF qF bhuq vfr sI, pr Aus dI qfkq df aihsfs pompy jf ky hI hoieaf. mnuwK ijAuNdy jIa keI bfnHxUM bMnHdf hY, pr kudrq df kI pqf ik kdoN krvt bdly qy sB kuJ PLnfh kr dvy. KYr, ieh koeI nvyklI gwl nhIN, swiBaqfvF afAuNdIaf qy jFdIaF rihMdIaF hn, ipMz sLihr vwsdy qy AuWjVdy rihMdy hn qy dunIaF dI Kyz ryq dy GrF vFg AuWsrdI ZihMdI ievyN hI jfrI rihMdI hY.